Leadership Communication Skills And Effective Leadership

Final Paper Introduction Michael Z. Hackman and Craig E. Johnson, co-authors of â€Å"Leadership Communication Skills† (1995), underline leadership as the influential connectivity between humans through the effective understanding and application of symbols and behavior regulation (p. 428-429). Essentially, leadership stands possible as motivating others through channels which lead to success, and is accomplished through meaningful, strategic interaction. Effective leadership, while fundamentally requires technical knowledge, motivates, develops, and guides others through adept social / people skills. At the core, leadership is about two-way interconnection with others – both in self-awareness of how language, behaviors, and actions impact†¦show more content†¦This collision of cultures and social norms stand unique from any in our past. Strong leaders have a keen sense for connecting with, communicating, and behaving in a manner that allows the best of all worlds to come forth and pro sper. Alon Lisak, Miriam Erez, Yang Sui, and Cynthia Lee authors of â€Å"The positive role of global leaders in enhancing multicultural team innovation† (2016) for the Journal of International Business Studies highlight: The global identity of a leader represents the leader’s sense of belonging to and identification with multicultural teams†¦ leaders with high global identity convey a sense of inclusion and recognize team cultural diversity to be an asset and therefore, they foster shared team innovation goals. (p. 656. As an individual who has always been sensitive to the needs and hopes of others, while personally having a potpourri of ethnic and humble blue collar genes in my family line, my results of a high score in communicating across cultures stands affirmed by what others have expressed. To further develop these skills, however, experience in an international assignment would expand and solidify these capabilities. Listening and Reading Nonverbal Messages â€Å"As much as 93 percent of the meaning that is transmitted between two people in face-to-face conversation can come from nonverbal channels†¦ Most often, the receiver chooses the nonverbal aspects because they are more reliable than verbalShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is An Essential Skill For Effective Leadership866 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an essential skill for effective leadership. It is a skill that many leaders possess but might not know how to effectively use in the workplace. They may not be skilled in dealing with a diverse group of employees in terms of age, and they might not be diverse in their own style of communication. Leaders might even need to possess different skills to be effective global leaders which would require a vast knowledge into different cultures and their communication styles. It can seemRead MoreEffective Communication And Good Leadership Skills1340 Words   |  6 Pages(Linjuan Rita Men, 2015). Managers or leaders for such task are responsible for successful communication and understanding of messages with each and every attendee involved. A person having good leadership skills but lack in skills of communication will never be preferred in any industry for conduction and delivering meetings and speeches or any other sort of public communication. Effective communication skills are necessary not only in business meetings but also in several other private and publicRead MoreEffective Leadership For Finely Tuned Communication Skills885 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Leading an effective team requires a leader with finely tuned communication skills. 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The Color in Vincent Van Gogh’s Life An Analysis of The...

Coming from a family greatly involved in art dealing, Vincent van Gogh was destined to have a place in the world of art. Van Gogh’s unique techniques and use of color, which clashed and differed greatly from the masters of the art world of his time, would eventually gain him the recognition as one of the founders of modern art. Van Gogh’s early life was heavily influenced by the role of his father who was a pastor and chose to follow in his footsteps. Although he abandoned the desire to become a pastor, van Gogh remained a spiritual being and was strong in faith. Plagued with a troubled mind and poor health, van Gogh’s life became filled with torment and isolation that would influence his career in later life as an artist. In his†¦show more content†¦Vincent was prosperous as an art dealer, yet his personal views of art dealing became a conflict of interest for the company. Vincent also ventured into failed attempts as a teacher and member of the c lergy, only to come to the realization in his late twenties that his true calling was to be a painter. His decision was contested by most of his family except by his brother Theo, who became Vincent’s primary source of financial support. In Memoir of J. Van Gogh-Bonger, Theo’s wife Johanna recounted the support that Theo had for Vincent, â€Å"Vincent is one of those who has gone through all the experiences of life and has retired from the world; now we must wait and see if he has genius. I think he has†¦If he succeeds in his work, he will be a great man† (van Gogh). Theo van Gogh would remain Vincent’s greatest supporter, confidant and friend. Vincent van Gogh would create some of his greatest masterpieces in Arles during the last few years of his life. While in Arles, van Gogh moved into the yellow house which served as a great inspiration for him. Van Gogh’s loneliness had him longing for companionship and he invited fellow artist Ga uguin to visit him in Arles in which he finally consented in October of 1888. The two companions enjoyed the French countryside, but tensions soon mounted as their personalities clashed. In the biography Vincent van Gogh the differing opinions are described as, â€Å"one wanted to paint because hisShow MoreRelatedEssay about Two of the Greatest Paintings Made by Vincent Van Gogh1224 Words   |  5 PagesVincent Van Gogh was born in 1853. He would grow to be one of the greatest artists of his era. Van Gogh utilized a variety of colors on the spectrum, giving his paintings life. He often used the art style of impressionists in that his paintings are depicted as he sees fit, and not how they are naturally viewed (Cliff). His paintings consisted of complex brush strokes that would vary in the amounts of paint used. He used colors in order to push emotion onto the audience through contrasting colors

Factors Influencing Productivity of Teamwork †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Factors Influencing Productivity of Teamwork. Answer: Introduction Creativity and innovation are two important processes that are necessary for any individual or business to form new ideas or solutions of relevance. This paper aims to identify five such important learning points from the module, and explain two of them in detail as well as their relevance to an individual. Apart from this, the paper also aims to discuss the various steps that need to be followed by an individual in his employment on the completion of the 3rd level of education. The process or idea of creating something new or unusual is considered as creativity. The process of implementation of something new is known as innovation. Creativity and innovation are two important qualities which are necessary for any business organization and is of great significance to an individual. Creativity helps in the formation of a new thought or idea and innovation is the implementation of that thought in practical field. The analysis of the innovation and creativity module reveals numerous learning points out of which, five of them can be stated to be the most important. They are as follows:- Convergence and Divergence thinking- Divergence thinking refers to the process of thought that is utilized for the generation of creative ideas after the exploration of a number of solutions. Convergence thinking on the other hand, is the exact opposite of divergence thinking. It is a problem solving technique that has the presence of accuracy, logic, speed and other characteristics and a conclusion is reached regarding whether the problem could be solved or not. In other words, convergence thinking is more logical and focused on the result however; divergence thinking is more focused on exploring the numerous ideas and outcomes. Pixars view on teams and their importance- According to Pixar, teams are not only important for completing a given task but act as an important source of new ideas and creativity. This is achieved by following certain internal practices in the studio. In order to utilize the creative potential of teams in an effective manner, employees are motivated to not be afraid of failure and be open to feedbacks and criticism, free flow of communication and collaboration with other employees is encouraged (Gilson 2015). Knowledge push as a source of innovation- The knowledge push form of innovation is the process of gaining or forming new thoughts, ideas and opinions after the research and analysis of information from various sources. It emphasizes on the importance and use of scientific research, involving the use of a large network of individuals sharing their creative ideas. Dyson, 3M and Corning are some examples of companies that make use of knowledge push as a source of innovation. Morphological Matrix- The morphological matrix can be considered to be a tool which is utilized for the generation of numerous options. The morphological matrix helps in providing a well structured approach for the generation of unusual or unique options as possibilities or solutions. Da Vincis technique- Leonardo Da Vincis technique of innovation makes use of a number of important steps in order to help in the process of creativity and innovation. It puts more stress on independent thinking. It implies the use of both creative and logical thinking together, as well as observation skills to tap into new areas of innovation and creativity. It states the significance of bringing about a change in the thought pattern and forming a creative or innovative idea. Out of the given five key points of learning from the module, Pixars view on teams and knowledge push innovation can be considered as the most relevant for an individual. The explanations of both these points are stated below:- Pixars view on the importance of teams Pixar is a successful movie studio and the company has experienced financial success from the movies it made. The success of the movies is greatly credited to the creative and collaborative teamwork in the creation process. Pixar teaches us that working in a team can have a great impact in the formation of new ideas if the entire team functions as one and follows certain guidelines. Pixars view focuses more on research and development activities which is greatly important in present times (Somech Drach-Zahavy 2013). Pixars view greatly encourages the exchange of information between team members and employees. The preferred mode of communication is direct and face to face, encouraging the employees to speak up and criticize the decisions or steps that are to be adopted (Strazdas, Cerneviciute Jancoras 2016). Ideas and thoughts are formed not only within groups but are accumulated from sources outside the group as well. Although Pixar is known to hire talented employees, yet individual contributions are not given more importance as working in a collaborative form with a great deal of communication taking place within the team (Gilson 2015). In the present times, Pixars view is greatly significant for individuals since it stresses on teamwork, the practice of which is prevalent in almost all business organizations (Rodrguez-Snchez et al. 2017). Apart from this, individuals are also motivated by teaching them to accept criticism as a way to evaluate what went wrong and what improvements could be made (Alcntara). It also helps individuals understand that the process of creativity requires time and patience. A good idea is not formed suddenly or in a rush and it takes time to build on it. Lastly, it talks about the importance of possessing an eye for detail as it would help in forming a product of great appeal for the consumers, as was the case with successful films like Wall-E, Toy Story 2, Up and so on (Fiascone Christense n 2014). Da Vincis technique of innovation- Leonardo Da Vincis technique of innovation can be considered to be another important source of innovation for an individual. According to Da Vinci, independent thinking is an important quality that must be possessed by an individual. The presence of independent thinking adds to a great deal of diversity in the thought process and helps bring about a change in the way an individual thinks. This technique states that an individual must break away from existing assumptions regarding a problem and instead, making use of techniques like reverse brainstorming, the six thinking hats, SCAMPER, the utilization of different media forms and other techniques to explore the different aspects of a problem and form a solution (Shlain 2014). Da Vincis technique allows an individual to break free from the established parameters of creativity and innovation, tapping into uncanny areas for acquiring new thoughts and ideas. According to Da Vinci, the use of proper obse rvation skills and connecting of two irrelevant subjects into one are some great sources of innovation, that help formulate fresh new ideas. Da Vinci also stated that existing solutions to problems should be analyzed and deduced which would help in the formation of a solution better than the one before. Most importantly, Da Vincis technique talks about the importance of connecting creative thinking with logical thinking since it has often been observed that a creative idea may sound good but is actually unfit for application in reality (Csikszentmihalyi 2014). Therefore, the use of Da Vincis techniques of creativity in innovation would help an individual to form unique thought patterns and ideas, possess a sharp sense of curiosity and maintain a much-needed balance between the mind and the body, having a great relevance in todays competitive market. The education system in Ireland comprises of three levels, namely primary, secondary and higher levels of education. The higher level of education is also known as the third level. The steps that should be taken by an individual in his first employment after leaving the third level, in order to apply his creativity and innovation are as follows:- Generation of new ideas and their mobilization- This refers to the formation of an idea may which may be a result of an existing idea or solution. An example of this can be seen in Apples creation of the iPod, the idea of which originated from the already existent mp3 player in the market. However, Apples innovation was the iPod created by it had a capacity of storing more songs than an average mp3 player. Similarly, existent ideas can be tapped into and changed, to aid in the formation of new ideas (Serrat 2017). Experimentation- It is the process involved in the testing of an idea and understanding if it is applicable in the practical field. Prototypes are used to examine and evaluate the outcomes of the idea or thought and necessary changes take place accordingly (Anderson, Poto?nik Zhou 2014). Evaluation- It can be stated as the most important step since evaluation helps in understanding the advantages and limitations of an idea and what changes can be made to remove the drawbacks. It analyzes the impacts of implementing an idea in real life. Discussions are arguments are important for evaluation as they help in adding new ideas to the pool of thoughts. It is due to this reason that working in teams is given more emphasis. Apart from these, the organization should also provide feedback and set up proper screening and evaluation protocols to arrive at a desirable conclusion regarding the application of a new creative idea. Commercialization of ideas- This refers to the process of setting up a market value for an idea keeping in the impact it may have on the market/consumers. It is mostly concerned with the demonstration and persuasion of the idea and its benefits to the consumers rather than focusing on the development of the idea. Diffusion and implementation of idea- This process is concerned with the acceptance of an idea in the organization and the numerous steps involved in implementing the idea on a practical field. The presence of suitable resources along with a proper marketing plan is recommended for attaining success in the implementation of the idea. The diffusion and implementation process also sets up the possibility of potential future ideas that focus on other subjects regarding market and consumer needs (Wang Miao 2015). Conclusion Therefore the conclusion can be drawn that the presence of skills in creativity and innovation are important for individuals and business organizations in a similar scale. In the current competitive market, the formation and implementation of new ideas and innovations is in much demand, and would help boost a companys financial growth significantly. The rate of competition is high and the consumers are in constant need of innovative products. Hence, individuals today, are expected to follow the necessary steps in order to tap in to new sources of creative ideas and contribute to adding more innovative and creative products into the mix, satisfying consumer needs. References Alcntara, J.E., FAIL BETTER: OR, WHAT CAN TEACHERS OF PREACHING LEARN FROM IMPROVISATIONAL PERFORMERS AND FROM PIXAR? Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework.Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. Creativity and genius: A systems perspective. InThe Systems Model of Creativity(pp. 99-125). Springer Netherlands. Fiascone, R. and Christensen, M., 2014. Disney Pixar: Building a Magic Kingdom of Animation. Gilson, L.L., 2015. Creativity in Teams.The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries, p.50. Gilson, L.L., 2015. Creativity in Teams.The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries, p.50. Rodrguez-Snchez, A.M., Devloo, T., Rico, R., Salanova, M. and Anseel, F., 2017. What makes creative teams tick? Cohesion, engagement, and performance across creativity tasks: A three-wave study.Group Organization Management,42(4), pp.521-547. Serrat, O., 2017. Harnessing creativity and innovation in the workplace. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 903-910). Springer, Singapore. Shlain, L., 2014.Leonardo's Brain: Understanding Da Vinci's Creative Genius. Rowman Littlefield. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation.Journal of management,39(3), pp.684-708. Strazdas, R., Cerneviciute, J. and Jancoras, Z., 2016, June. Factors influencing productivity of teamwork in creative industries. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Wang, G. and Miao, C.F., 2015. Effects of sales force market orientation on creativity, innovation implementation, and sales performance.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2374-2382.

Odysseus The Hero Essays - Greek Mythology, Ancient Greek Religion

Odysseus the Hero Every Epic follows a certain guideline, it is written in an elevated style consisting of a hero and deeds he does during his travels or journey. In the Odyssey written by Homer, the hero named Odysseus portrays many Hero-like characteristics that can make the reader envious. Homer gives Odysseus 3 traits that fit the definition of a hero like a glove. Odysseus is courageous, has great strength and ability, and exhibits noble qualities. Odysseus shows his courage early on in the Epic by agreeing to go and fight in the Trojan War where he was needed. He knew he was risking never seeing his family again but he was willing to fight. The greatest proof of Odysseus being a true hero was his strength and ability. During the war he showed his smarts. He devised the wooden horse plan, where a bunch of soldier packed into a huge wooden horse and were brought into the city of Troy then came out during the night and burned and attacked the people and the city. The smart thinking of Odysseus ended the 10 year long war. Also in book 21 Penelope held the contest to win her hand. The contest was a simple as; whoever could string Odysseus' bow and shoot the arrow through 12 ax heads would be Penelope's husband. Penelope knew Odysseus was the only person who could perform such a feat. This event showed how strong Odysseus was. After the contest when Odysseus made his presence clear he has the courage and Strength to give the suitors 4 reasons for to die. He tells them you took my house, you took my maids, you tried to take my wife, and you disrespected the gods. It took guts to say that after being gone for 20 years. He shows his strength by proceeding killing all of the suitors without any outside help. Odysseus is a noble character who everyone looks up to. Besides some of the suitors, Odysseus is respected by most of the other characters. Antionoos and Euremakus are especially rude suitors who treated Odysseus like dirt when he was dressed as a beggar. Odysseus treated everyone with the same amount of respect they gave him. When compared with other hero's for example Superman, Odysseus fits right in. He has the traits of a true hero and it shows throughout the Odyssey. Bibliography none

Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)

Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) Free Online Research Papers Resource management The program being developed is a program for the development of an enterprise resource planning system. This is usually referred in short form as ERP system. This is software which is being used by many companies. Its main purpose is the management and coordination of all of the resources, information as well as the functions of a business from the common pool of data called data warehouse. This system possess service oriented architecture whereby the software and hardware units or rather services modular that communicate in LAN (local area network). This modular design makes it possible for the reconfiguration of the modules at the same time making a preserve of data integrity from a data warehouse. Objectives for the night club planning project The project is aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in the day to day Activities of the organization. As this involves a night club, particularly an adult cabaret, it means the following areas should be improved in order to ensure that it fits theit attains the efficiency and effectiveness in area such as: Financials Here the fixed assets, general ledger, account receivable and payable as well as the cash management system will need to be improved. Project management These are the activities which will be improved: activity management, costing, billing, time and expense as well as performance units. Creating a plan that will be socially and economically acceptable in the City of Youngstown. The recent events have given the club a seriously negative reputation. My job will be to obtain respect of the club through the community, and its officials. Attending hearings in the Capitol City Columbus is also mandatory. Venues The venues will be strategically placed to take advantage of the location in order to be able to serve the customers better while increasing the revenues collected from the club hence the profits. Entertainers and guests alike must enjoy the ambiance of the club while abiding by the laws enforced by the liquor control board, the City of Youngstown, The State of Ohio, as well as local ordinances. Staffing Staffing involves interviewing, recruiting and training the human resource. This with proper management they will become more efficient and will avoid man hours wasted and wastage as the right kind of personnel will be hired and the right training will be offered to them. Auditions will be held in order to choose the right entertainers for the vision of the clubs goals. Background checks will and must be implemented so that a future violation could possibly be avoided. Security will have to be doubled in order to not only enforce the laws and rules, but to ensure the community things will be controlled and monitored at all times. Planning i) Being aware of the goals and the implementation of the new system- which in our case is the improvement of efficiency in the effectiveness in all the departments of the organization. ii) Developing a comprehensive plan as the project cuts involves each and every process in the organization. Inventory Control, labor costs, advertising, and maintenance al need to be taken into serious consideration for the new procedures and policies. iii) Involving of the users of the system. If there is experience which is needed then the in-house manager will be given the education required to train other team members. iv) Adapting a realistic approach as concerns the to the cost estimation. Evaluation i) The package chosen should be a standard one for the industry this is aimed to maintain the interactivity with the customers as they are familiar to the positive sides of the industry. Keeping the guests entertained and spending is the main goal here. ii) Maintenance cost estimation. (NET POS) will have to be implemented in a case such as this. The amount of volume that this club produces, along with the need for organization, POS is a perfect solution. iii) Evaluation of the company processes this is in an attempt of making a rational decision as regards to the feasibility to the adoption of the new processes. The recent events have caused the club to be closed, a working knowledge of all the new laws in effect will be required in order to assess the project goals. After implementation i) Attention will be paid to the workflows ii) Starting with the condensing trainings in our site before signing up for long distance sessions, due to the multiple stake holders of this enterprise. Program cost summary Expense for: Cost (US$) Consultation 2,000 Assessment 5,000 Installation and configuration 10,000 User interface development 3,000 Administrative and legal expenses 500 Miscellaneous 1,000 The above table shows the various processes of implementation. The experimental methods will be used to establish the benefits which can be obtained from the implementation of the project. For scheduling purposes the decision making process allows is capable of giving the project manager a chance to anticipate for change in the schedule as well as the change of the amount of resources being used in the project depending on the change of the general trends in the market. Entertainers being the highlight of the venue will need to be scheduled strategically, to the marketing of the clubs nightly venue. In conclusion the implementation of this project will be able to increase efficiency in the operations of the organization, thus leading to the reduction in the cost of production thus increase in sales. This will lead to competitive advantage over the organizations which have not implemented the system. References Brown, C., and I. Vessey, Managing the Next Wave of Enterprise Systems: Leveraging Lessons from ERP, MIS Quarterly Executive, 2(1), 2003 Esteves, J., and Pastor, J., Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Research: An Annotated Bibliography, Communications of AIS, 7(8) pp. 2-54. Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (1992). CIM: Principles of Computer Manufacturing. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. pp. p47. ISBN 047193450X. Research Papers on Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)The Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export Quotas

Law of tort essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law of tort - Essay Example In the case of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police2 the Court considered the various kinds of relationships which would qualify as close ties, and parent/child relationships and family ties including the spouse relationship were deemed to be strong enough to establish the close nature of the ties. By applying the (a) requirement, it may be noted that Roger, Thomas and Nicolas will have a claim on the basis of close ties to the victim. However, on the basis of criterion (b) it may be noted that Roger and Nicholas were not actually present at the site of the accident and neither had directly witnessed the accident. Therefore, they may not be eligible for recoveries. But Thomas will be entitled to claim damages on the basis of both proximity to the incident and the fact that the injured person is a loved one. Moreover, he would also be classified as a rescuer according to Chadwick v BRB3 and the Court has clearly stated in this case that rescuers who suffer psychiatric damages as a result of their rescue efforts will be eligible for recoveries. This was also upheld on appeal in the case of McLoughlin v O Brien4 that rescuers suffering from psychiatric illness will be eligible for damages. There is a strong case in Thomas’ favor in that he was directly at the site, the injured one was his own brother and the psychiatric illness he is suffering from now is directly attributable to the injury. The only factor that could possibly limit his recoveries to some extent could be the time that has passed since the accident, however if his anxiety attacks have commenced immediately after the accident and are continuing to date, he will certainly be eligible to make a claim. In the case of Roger and Nicholas, it is unlikely that Nicholas can make a claim at all, in spite of the fact that his son was severely injured. For one thing, he was not in close proximity to the incident, he did not witness it at all and he was told about

Cross Cultural Management Issues of UK, China, Spain, and Finland Essay

Cross Cultural Management Issues of UK, China, Spain, and Finland - Essay Example This paper will assess the management issues which could arise in an international team consisting of English, Chinese, Spanish and Finnish members. It will then seek to propose methods for addressing these issues and dealing with them effectively. Cross-Cultural Concepts and Issues Which Could Arise There exist many differing theories as to the way in which cultures differ considerably on several levels. One pertinent theory put forth by Maletzke (1996) categorises cultural differences into 9 groups. Although these will be briefly stated, they are relevant in assessing which problems could arise for a manager of an international group. Maletzke states that cultural differences can consist in many different categories (1996). The national character of a culture consists in the shared basic behavioural patterns and personality traits of the people in the culture. In the business arena this can be an issue if one culture, being inherently different to another, finds it difficult to und erstand, or co-operate with the other. For example, the Spanish culture is open, loud and friendly whereas the Finnish culture is formal, softly spoken and favours courteousness. This may cause the Finnish person to be offended or overwhelmed by the playful, less formal characteristics of the Spanish person. The Spanish may also overwhelm the Chinese person as Chinese tend to be more softly spoken and less verbal. Another important element of culture is time concept, which has the potential to differ greatly between cultures and cause problems when co-ordinating meetings and planning schedules. Here there exists the potential for the Chinese and the English person to conflict in that the former is less prompt for meetings, and often has no fixed start or end time whereas the English person desires a more specified form of time management. This also applies to the Spanish who may stand alone in his lack of planning, relaxed perception of time and lack of willingness to restrict his d ay to particularly planned schedules and meeting times. The space concept of culture can cause problems in that the Finnish, English and Chinese may conflict with the Spanish concept of space. The Mediterranean culture of the Spanish places little importance on private space, and may even adopt constant forms of physical contact in order to communicate and express himself. This may cause discomfort, particularly for the Finnish culture which is likely to see physical contact between mere business associates as inappropriate and even offensive. For example, the Finnish method of greeting is a simple handshake with a smile, as is the English method. The Spanish is more likely to shake hands, yet place a hand on the back of the person he greets, or even kiss the cheek of the person he greets. The two methods are rather different and have the potential to cause issues in the business arena. Perception as a facet of culture also has the potential to be an issue, in that it could represen ts which each culture defines as important and non-important. Perhaps the largest potential of raising issues is the language and non-verbal communication of each culture. Of course, different languages are a major problem, though more importantly, even if