Hobbess Theory Of Sovereignty Philosophy Essay

Hobbess Theory Of Sovereignty Philosophy Essay Thomas Hobbess Leviathan is a powerful book on the legislative issues and government composed during the disturbance of the English Civil War in the seventeenth century. The book is significant in itself that in it Hobbes plans to detail the substance of the intensity of the sovereign. Surely, Hobbess political way of thinking depends on traditionalism and absolutism in administration. Besides, Hobbess political way of thinking is worried about the incomparability of the total intensity of the government in both enactment and government. Then again, Hobbess teaching of the outright force and sway is a political view which depends on the possibility that the intensity of the ruler is more grounded by settling on understanding between the lords and the subjects. What's more, inside this implicit agreement everything is governed and detailed by the supreme force or the sovereign with the point of protecting the harmony and request in the general public. In this way, Hobbes asserts that the lord or the sovereign is correct when he rebuffs the subject for their carrying out wrongdoing against the state and the ruler. As needs be Hobbes safeguards the deeds of the lord against the subjects and jelly rulers requests and thoughts that lord is correct each an ideal opportunity for his the picked individual by the general public. Hobbes imagines that the subjects ought to the comply with the principles and requests of the sovereign under each condition, and the sovereign is correct and just in his choices, thoughts and rules for the decency of the general public. In this way the point of the paper is to legitimize Hobbess contention for the case that he believes that it is outlandish for a sovereign to mischief or act unreasonably towards his subjects. Additionally, Hobbes this thought of sovereignity implies that there are no any contraints on a sovereign with respect to how he treats his subjects. Hobbes protects, above all else, this view because of the way that for making sure about self-conservation, the primary point of the law of nature, which Hobbes set, is to authorize the subjects or the individuals to look for harmony and request and to shield himself against the risks of the hazardous duty of the general public. In this way, Hobbess hypothesis of political way of thinking necessitates that individ uals should give every one of their privileges to the sovereign. Consequently, it is obvious from these announcements and compositions by Hobbes, it is just the lord who has the position and capacity to choose what will be fundamental for the resistance and protection of the security of the individuals. Therore, it is likewise obvious from the explanations that while the subjects in the general public are absence of every one of their privileges for the opportunity and the request for the express, the sovereigns force and authority become boundless with his will which is above everything including the law itself. As indicated by the twelve standards of the rights, Hobbes expresses that he dismisses the possibility of Separation of Powers. The entirety of the forces are given to one man, the sovereign, and individuals are bound to the sets of the sovereign. As indicated by the twelve standards, the subjects can't change the type of government; the subjects provide for the sovereign the option to represent them; the determination of sovereign is by lion's share vote; each subject is creator of the demonstrations of the sovereign, in this way the sovereign can't harm any of his subjects, and he can't be blamed for treachery; the sovereign can't fairly be killed by the subjects; the sovereign has the privilege to do whatever he thinks vital for the protecting of harmony and security and avoidance of friction; the sovereign endorses the guidelines of common law and property; the sovereign is judge in all cases; the sovereign makes war and harmony as he sees fit; and he order the military; the sove reign pick instructors, pastors, justices and officials; the sovereign rewards and rebuffs the individuals; and the sovereign sets up laws of respect and a size of worth. This legislative structure prompts absolutism, which is in opposition to the partition of forces in state. This sort of administering and state has a larger number of hindrances than the points of interest. Hobbes expresses that in the condition of nature men were at war against one another. In the nature and state of war each one is in war against each one. Here Hobbes asserts that there are three chief reasons for war which are rivalry, modesty, and greatness. Hobbes thought is that men were at war with one another because of disarray which is emerged from the absence of a ruler and a sovereign. Along these lines Hobbes depicts the issue of state of human life as the nonappearance of government before there were no laws and rules to control individuals. Hobbes asserts that individuals who act appetitive and ruthlessly made a riotous and war like circumstance. In this way, as indicated by Hobbes, life before the development of the common society and law was considered as ceaseless and complete war. In this way, for Hobbes the great is the province wherein a sovereign spares individuals from the warring condition. While as indicated by Hobbes, underhanded is situated in the crude society where isn't controlled in understanding to laws by a sovereign. The interests of individuals are in warring state in such a state. Be that as it may, when individuals give their privileges to a sovereign, a sovereign forestalls the warring nature among individuals. In this way Hobbes finds great in the people groups giving their privileges to a sovereign.

The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine essays

The Rise and Falls to Modern Medicine articles In the Miller's Tale, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the area cleric partner Absolon and his sexual advantages in Allison, the mill operator's girl. Notwithstanding his strict obligations, he likewise had commitments in haircutting. He could laten blood, shave, and clippe. This last term fives ascent to the clinical treatment draining which was performed by most hair stylists of that period. After the vanishing of medication during the Dark Ages, another information surfaced all through the clinical network. During these occasions there were a large number of logical forward leaps. The discoveries of William Harvey demonstrated that blood went through veins from the heart. Claudius Galen, an eminent doctor and rationalist, prevailing with regards to clarifying the capacity of nerves, cerebrum structures, and some physiological propensities of the body. Be that as it may, he likewise added to the deterrent of clinical progression. He performed dismemberments on the human body to better his understanding as a doctor. His lone information on the human life structures was from that of creatures; in this way, the general population or clinical network didn't acknowledge his examinations. His ineptitude eased back clinical procedure for along time; accordingly, hie educating were graciously pushed aside so doctors could look for a logical reason for clinical information. This new course of clinical practices despite everything clutched a portion of the old medieval ways. Other than trimming hair, hairdressers were specialists going to little injuries, doing minor medical procedure, and dying. Individuals accepted that phlebotomy could aside in numerous sicknesses however it came about just in the fast spread of passings among individuals with potential to recoup. This renaissance revealed numerous disclosures that lead to the utilization of present day medication, for example, the stethoscope, the stomach related framework, serums, neutralizing agents, and even spellbinding. The routes in medieval occasions started the absolute most noteworthy clinical advances on the planet, however the present society would presumably be more acce... <!

Economic Development and Peculiar Observations †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Economic Development and Peculiar Observations. Answer: Presentation This WSQ structure is a national credentialing framework and it helps in the preparation, evaluation and improvement of the key abilities which organizations attempt to discover in their workers. These depend on the national standard created by WDA (Singapore Workforce Development Agency). This paper will feature how WSQ structure tends to the difficulties which are brought out by VUCA condition. VUCA helps in holding a reasonable vision against the decisions which are made with suitable reactions and adaptability (Toh, 2017). The Singapore Workforce Skills Qualifiaction(WSQ) framework is drawn out instruction and preparing plan which is intended for the developed laborers and it supplements with the endorsed training procedure of the understudies. This preparation program is accessible to all laborers and it doesn't include any scholarly capabilities. Some key segments of WSQ system are the competency map, capabilities structure, educational plan ,competency norms, preparing and evaluation direct (Reeves, 2015). The capabilities which are required for WSQ speaks to the different accomplishments which are important for the learning results and this are commonly recognized as the arrangement of abilities for various levels in the working environment. These capabilities spread numerous competency units and there are commonly sure degrees of WSQ capabilities. There are in excess of 30 Singapore WSQ and they are arranged mostly into two wide perspectives for example industry and word related abilities and esta blishment aptitudes. The courses are conveyed through WDA Approved Training Organizations (ATO) or Continuing Education and Training Centers (CET) focuses (Bennett Lemoine, 2014). The idea of VUCA was presented in the mid 90s and it was described by unpredictability, intricacy, vulnerability and equivocalness. The idea of VUCA took off after the monetary emergency of 2008 and 2009. The different ideas of VUCA portrayed the business condition. Because of instability, there might be sure increment in the four measurements for example type, speed, volume and scale. Also, because of vulnerability it gets hard to foresee the future (Chawla Lenka, 2017). Because of intricacy, there might be far reaching disarray and there is no unmistakable association between the circumstances and logical results and along these lines it influences the associations. In the event of vagueness, there will be absence of accuracy and the numerous implications of the different terms will prompt disarray in the business condition. It gets hard to anticipate the future as the choices are expanding exponentially and it is gets hard to foresee the choices. VUCA condition likewise centers ar ound what is conceivable as opposed to what is probably going to happen later on (Bennett Lemoine, 2014). The WSQ surveys, creates, prepares and perceives people based on certain key skills that the associations or the organizations look in the potential workers. This is intended to be progressively useful, moderate and available for the people to assume the liability of their own headways and vocations. WSQ is viewed as an amazing business instrument which is intended for the representatives in order to keep up a gifted workforce (Ee Chang, 2015). It additionally improves the advances and the serious edge in business. WSQ additionally addresses certain difficulties of VUCA by following the national competency systems for the individuals and the administration body. It likewise gives more noteworthy access to specific types of measured skills which depend on preparing and hence it prompts all around perceived HR capabilities and endorsements (Sung et al., 2013). WSQ is intended to benchmark the capacities of corporate authority and it gives a guide to the turn of events and preparing of administration (Evans, 2015). WSQ through the help of VUCA permits the person to increase formal acknowledgment of the different skills inside the perceived structure. The labor cost can likewise be diminished if there is adaptability in the work alternatives (Sarkar, 2016). Certain practices can be received by the administration and in this way it will be helpful for the workers. The workers don't esteemed or drew in if the work advertise is given considerably more significance. In this way, it very well may be said that the capabilities which are required in playing out the different capacities in the association will mirror the expectations and exercises which are significant for the association to accomplish with the goal that they satisfy the objectives. This additionally makes polished skill of the ventures to advance the worldwide intensity and furthermore various roads for the laborers to enter various enterprises (Gaba Mishra, 2016). End In this manner, it very well may be said that WSQ structure is intended for benchmarking the corporate authority capacities and it gives a guide to the pioneers. It likewise empowers the pioneers and the directors to keep the data sufficient with the patterns and procedures through friend and structure learning. Consequently, formal acknowledgment of the different capabilities is significant inside the perceived system. References Bennett, N., Lemoine, G. J. (2014). What a distinction a word makes: Understanding dangers to execution in a VUCA world.Business Horizons,57(3), 311-317. Bennett, N., Lemoine, J. (2014). What VUCA truly implies for you. Chawla, S., Lenka, U. (2017). Administration for a VUCA Landscape: Transforming Indian Higher Educational Institutes into Learning Organizations for Success. Ee, J., Chang, A. (Eds.). (2015).Preparing young people for the work environment. World Scientific. Evans, K. (2015). 2-DEVELOPING THE CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE WORKFORCE: RETHINKING THE PART THAT WORK-BASED LEARNING CAN PLAY.Towards another comprehension of work environment learning: the setting of. Gaba, A. K., Mishra, S. (2016). Aptitude Development through MOOC for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: A Review of Policies in the Asian Commonwealth Countries. Reeves, T. C., Reeves, P. M. (2015). Instructive Technology Research in a VUCA World.Educational Technology,55(2), 26-30. Sarkar, A., Sarkar, A. (2016). We live in a VUCA World: the significance of dependable leadership.Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal,30(3), 9-12. Sung, J., Ng, M. C. M., Loke, F., Ramos, C. (2013). The idea of employability aptitudes: experimental proof from Singapore.International Journal of Training and Development,17(3), 176-193. Toh, M. H. (2017). Singaporean monetary turn of events and impossible to miss perceptions on sparing, work offer, efficiency and current record surplus.Institutions and Economies, 101-130.

Poetry Comparison Essay - 1369 Words

Poetry Comparison There have been many wars throughout time. Most people learn the facts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was written to memorialise the Battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war (1854 - 56) he wrote it ten years later, on: April 10th 1864. He was born in 1809 and died at the age of 83 in 1892. Wilfred Owen is against war and he writes about the First†¦show more content†¦The soldiers are getting defeated But limped on, blood shod. All went lame, all blind in this line Owen has used metaphors and repetition to make the soldiers movements stand out and shows they are injured and have got blood on there shoes. Owen wants the reader to picture this in your mind with the verbs he has used coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge shows they are choking on the gas and smoke but slowly and angrily carry on to battle. The use of repetition emphasises exactly how he felt and what he saw, All went lame; all blind it makes it stand out how tired and injured the soldiers really are from Owens view. The rhythm of stanza one is made by the ten syllables per line, which gives the effect that the soldiers are marching. The rhythm has changed, theres now a gas attack and the soldiers are shouting and rushing trying to get there masks on in time Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!-An ecstasy of fumbling. Owen then wants the reader to picture this so uses caesuras and exclamation marks to emphasise exactly whats happening and this makes you imagine the soldiers in a sudden rush for the masks. Then Owen describes the gas attack as being under water as under a green sea this suggests Owen wants you to imagine the movements theShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Poetry Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Poetry In this essay two poems will be juxtaposed. One of the poems is called My parents kept me from children who were rough. This poem was written by Stephen Spender. Stephen Spender was greatly admired for his work and was knighted in 1983. He lived in the 20th century and died 22 years after W H Auden in 1995 .The second poem chosen is called Funeral Blues and was written by W H Auden. W H Auden was a greatly respected homosexual poet who livedRead MoreComparison Poetry Essay2397 Words   |  10 PagesPoetry Essay Each one of the poems offers a unique view upon love. The first poem by Robert Herrick, To the Virgins to make much of Time, focuses upon the idea of carpe diem. The poem stresses the idea of marriage while love and flesh are still young and believes this gift of virginity to be a great waste if not given while it is still desirable. Marvell also uses the carpe diem theme to his poem ‘To His Coy Mistress,’ however with three certain sections within the poem. The first part elaboratesRead More Comparison Of Love Poetry: Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesComparison Of Love Poetry: Rememberby Christina Rossetti, How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and When We Two Parted by Lord Byron The three poems, Remember by Christina Rossetti; How Do I love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and When We Two Parted by Lord Byron, each explore love and loss in their own unique ways. Remember is, as expected from the title, a solemn lament which is a farewell sonnet to her treasured one. 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Unfortunately the art an d poetry describes one of the worst things that human can do to one another. The legalized murder called war. Hence, this type of self-reflection called poetry has help create new fundamental ideas and values towards our society. In this essayRead MorePre –1914 Poetry Comparison on Love Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn this compare and contrast essay I will compare four poems in detail and mention two in the passing to find similarities and differences. The poems and sonnets I have chosen to compare are ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ by Robert Browning and Sonnet 18 and Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare The two Robert Browning poems, ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ were written in the infamous Victorian Era whereas the two Shakespearean Sonnets were written in the Elizabethan Era. 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Leadership Communication Skills And Effective Leadership

Final Paper Introduction Michael Z. Hackman and Craig E. Johnson, co-authors of â€Å"Leadership Communication Skills† (1995), underline leadership as the influential connectivity between humans through the effective understanding and application of symbols and behavior regulation (p. 428-429). Essentially, leadership stands possible as motivating others through channels which lead to success, and is accomplished through meaningful, strategic interaction. Effective leadership, while fundamentally requires technical knowledge, motivates, develops, and guides others through adept social / people skills. At the core, leadership is about two-way interconnection with others – both in self-awareness of how language, behaviors, and actions impact†¦show more content†¦This collision of cultures and social norms stand unique from any in our past. Strong leaders have a keen sense for connecting with, communicating, and behaving in a manner that allows the best of all worlds to come forth and pro sper. Alon Lisak, Miriam Erez, Yang Sui, and Cynthia Lee authors of â€Å"The positive role of global leaders in enhancing multicultural team innovation† (2016) for the Journal of International Business Studies highlight: The global identity of a leader represents the leader’s sense of belonging to and identification with multicultural teams†¦ leaders with high global identity convey a sense of inclusion and recognize team cultural diversity to be an asset and therefore, they foster shared team innovation goals. (p. 656. As an individual who has always been sensitive to the needs and hopes of others, while personally having a potpourri of ethnic and humble blue collar genes in my family line, my results of a high score in communicating across cultures stands affirmed by what others have expressed. To further develop these skills, however, experience in an international assignment would expand and solidify these capabilities. Listening and Reading Nonverbal Messages â€Å"As much as 93 percent of the meaning that is transmitted between two people in face-to-face conversation can come from nonverbal channels†¦ Most often, the receiver chooses the nonverbal aspects because they are more reliable than verbalShow MoreRelatedCommunication Is An Essential Skill For Effective Leadership866 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication is an essential skill for effective leadership. It is a skill that many leaders possess but might not know how to effectively use in the workplace. They may not be skilled in dealing with a diverse group of employees in terms of age, and they might not be diverse in their own style of communication. Leaders might even need to possess different skills to be effective global leaders which would require a vast knowledge into different cultures and their communication styles. It can seemRead MoreEffective Communication And Good Leadership Skills1340 Words   |  6 Pages(Linjuan Rita Men, 2015). Managers or leaders for such task are responsible for successful communication and understanding of messages with each and every attendee involved. A person having good leadership skills but lack in skills of communication will never be preferred in any industry for conduction and delivering meetings and speeches or any other sort of public communication. Effective communication skills are necessary not only in business meetings but also in several other private and publicRead MoreEffective Leadership For Finely Tuned Communication Skills885 Words   |  4 PagesOverview Leading an effective team requires a leader with finely tuned communication skills. Professor Hildebrandt’s Powerpoint presentation titled Effective Team Leadership examines the components that are so important to leading a team to success. In his presentation, Professor Hildebrandt highlights the importance of using direct communication, considering how words will be taken, communicating expectations, leading effective meetings, and coaching team members in conflict (Hildebrandt, 2015)Read MoreCommunication Is A Part Of Everyday Life Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages Communication and Leadership Melissa Stevens ORG 300-5 Applying Leadership Principles Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli September 29, 2016 Communication is a part of everyday life. Not only is it present in our personal lives, but in the workplace as well. Communication is an essential skill that we cannot avoid, and should be perfected as a goal in improving your leadership efficiency. When in a leadership role, the leader must influence others effectively. 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Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) was a social psychologist whose extensive work covered studies of leadership styles and their effects, along with many other theories (Kurt Lewin). Along with two other colleagues, Lewin performed research on the effects of three different leadership styles and the outcome on groups of boys. The three leadership styles thatRead MoreThe National Communication Association ( 2015 )767 Words   |  4 PagesThe National Communication Association (2015) describes communication as a distinct discipline that includes an inquiry by social scientists, humanists, and critical and cultural studies scholars. Furthermore, the presentation of communication may appear in several forms such as textbooks, electronic publication, and academic journals. Also, understanding of how one communicates is continually expanding. The representa tion of the collaborative and ongoing message between individuals, an individual

The Color in Vincent Van Gogh’s Life An Analysis of The...

Coming from a family greatly involved in art dealing, Vincent van Gogh was destined to have a place in the world of art. Van Gogh’s unique techniques and use of color, which clashed and differed greatly from the masters of the art world of his time, would eventually gain him the recognition as one of the founders of modern art. Van Gogh’s early life was heavily influenced by the role of his father who was a pastor and chose to follow in his footsteps. Although he abandoned the desire to become a pastor, van Gogh remained a spiritual being and was strong in faith. Plagued with a troubled mind and poor health, van Gogh’s life became filled with torment and isolation that would influence his career in later life as an artist. In his†¦show more content†¦Vincent was prosperous as an art dealer, yet his personal views of art dealing became a conflict of interest for the company. Vincent also ventured into failed attempts as a teacher and member of the c lergy, only to come to the realization in his late twenties that his true calling was to be a painter. His decision was contested by most of his family except by his brother Theo, who became Vincent’s primary source of financial support. In Memoir of J. Van Gogh-Bonger, Theo’s wife Johanna recounted the support that Theo had for Vincent, â€Å"Vincent is one of those who has gone through all the experiences of life and has retired from the world; now we must wait and see if he has genius. I think he has†¦If he succeeds in his work, he will be a great man† (van Gogh). Theo van Gogh would remain Vincent’s greatest supporter, confidant and friend. Vincent van Gogh would create some of his greatest masterpieces in Arles during the last few years of his life. While in Arles, van Gogh moved into the yellow house which served as a great inspiration for him. Van Gogh’s loneliness had him longing for companionship and he invited fellow artist Ga uguin to visit him in Arles in which he finally consented in October of 1888. The two companions enjoyed the French countryside, but tensions soon mounted as their personalities clashed. In the biography Vincent van Gogh the differing opinions are described as, â€Å"one wanted to paint because hisShow MoreRelatedEssay about Two of the Greatest Paintings Made by Vincent Van Gogh1224 Words   |  5 PagesVincent Van Gogh was born in 1853. He would grow to be one of the greatest artists of his era. Van Gogh utilized a variety of colors on the spectrum, giving his paintings life. He often used the art style of impressionists in that his paintings are depicted as he sees fit, and not how they are naturally viewed (Cliff). His paintings consisted of complex brush strokes that would vary in the amounts of paint used. He used colors in order to push emotion onto the audience through contrasting colors

Factors Influencing Productivity of Teamwork †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Factors Influencing Productivity of Teamwork. Answer: Introduction Creativity and innovation are two important processes that are necessary for any individual or business to form new ideas or solutions of relevance. This paper aims to identify five such important learning points from the module, and explain two of them in detail as well as their relevance to an individual. Apart from this, the paper also aims to discuss the various steps that need to be followed by an individual in his employment on the completion of the 3rd level of education. The process or idea of creating something new or unusual is considered as creativity. The process of implementation of something new is known as innovation. Creativity and innovation are two important qualities which are necessary for any business organization and is of great significance to an individual. Creativity helps in the formation of a new thought or idea and innovation is the implementation of that thought in practical field. The analysis of the innovation and creativity module reveals numerous learning points out of which, five of them can be stated to be the most important. They are as follows:- Convergence and Divergence thinking- Divergence thinking refers to the process of thought that is utilized for the generation of creative ideas after the exploration of a number of solutions. Convergence thinking on the other hand, is the exact opposite of divergence thinking. It is a problem solving technique that has the presence of accuracy, logic, speed and other characteristics and a conclusion is reached regarding whether the problem could be solved or not. In other words, convergence thinking is more logical and focused on the result however; divergence thinking is more focused on exploring the numerous ideas and outcomes. Pixars view on teams and their importance- According to Pixar, teams are not only important for completing a given task but act as an important source of new ideas and creativity. This is achieved by following certain internal practices in the studio. In order to utilize the creative potential of teams in an effective manner, employees are motivated to not be afraid of failure and be open to feedbacks and criticism, free flow of communication and collaboration with other employees is encouraged (Gilson 2015). Knowledge push as a source of innovation- The knowledge push form of innovation is the process of gaining or forming new thoughts, ideas and opinions after the research and analysis of information from various sources. It emphasizes on the importance and use of scientific research, involving the use of a large network of individuals sharing their creative ideas. Dyson, 3M and Corning are some examples of companies that make use of knowledge push as a source of innovation. Morphological Matrix- The morphological matrix can be considered to be a tool which is utilized for the generation of numerous options. The morphological matrix helps in providing a well structured approach for the generation of unusual or unique options as possibilities or solutions. Da Vincis technique- Leonardo Da Vincis technique of innovation makes use of a number of important steps in order to help in the process of creativity and innovation. It puts more stress on independent thinking. It implies the use of both creative and logical thinking together, as well as observation skills to tap into new areas of innovation and creativity. It states the significance of bringing about a change in the thought pattern and forming a creative or innovative idea. Out of the given five key points of learning from the module, Pixars view on teams and knowledge push innovation can be considered as the most relevant for an individual. The explanations of both these points are stated below:- Pixars view on the importance of teams Pixar is a successful movie studio and the company has experienced financial success from the movies it made. The success of the movies is greatly credited to the creative and collaborative teamwork in the creation process. Pixar teaches us that working in a team can have a great impact in the formation of new ideas if the entire team functions as one and follows certain guidelines. Pixars view focuses more on research and development activities which is greatly important in present times (Somech Drach-Zahavy 2013). Pixars view greatly encourages the exchange of information between team members and employees. The preferred mode of communication is direct and face to face, encouraging the employees to speak up and criticize the decisions or steps that are to be adopted (Strazdas, Cerneviciute Jancoras 2016). Ideas and thoughts are formed not only within groups but are accumulated from sources outside the group as well. Although Pixar is known to hire talented employees, yet individual contributions are not given more importance as working in a collaborative form with a great deal of communication taking place within the team (Gilson 2015). In the present times, Pixars view is greatly significant for individuals since it stresses on teamwork, the practice of which is prevalent in almost all business organizations (Rodrguez-Snchez et al. 2017). Apart from this, individuals are also motivated by teaching them to accept criticism as a way to evaluate what went wrong and what improvements could be made (Alcntara). It also helps individuals understand that the process of creativity requires time and patience. A good idea is not formed suddenly or in a rush and it takes time to build on it. Lastly, it talks about the importance of possessing an eye for detail as it would help in forming a product of great appeal for the consumers, as was the case with successful films like Wall-E, Toy Story 2, Up and so on (Fiascone Christense n 2014). Da Vincis technique of innovation- Leonardo Da Vincis technique of innovation can be considered to be another important source of innovation for an individual. According to Da Vinci, independent thinking is an important quality that must be possessed by an individual. The presence of independent thinking adds to a great deal of diversity in the thought process and helps bring about a change in the way an individual thinks. This technique states that an individual must break away from existing assumptions regarding a problem and instead, making use of techniques like reverse brainstorming, the six thinking hats, SCAMPER, the utilization of different media forms and other techniques to explore the different aspects of a problem and form a solution (Shlain 2014). Da Vincis technique allows an individual to break free from the established parameters of creativity and innovation, tapping into uncanny areas for acquiring new thoughts and ideas. According to Da Vinci, the use of proper obse rvation skills and connecting of two irrelevant subjects into one are some great sources of innovation, that help formulate fresh new ideas. Da Vinci also stated that existing solutions to problems should be analyzed and deduced which would help in the formation of a solution better than the one before. Most importantly, Da Vincis technique talks about the importance of connecting creative thinking with logical thinking since it has often been observed that a creative idea may sound good but is actually unfit for application in reality (Csikszentmihalyi 2014). Therefore, the use of Da Vincis techniques of creativity in innovation would help an individual to form unique thought patterns and ideas, possess a sharp sense of curiosity and maintain a much-needed balance between the mind and the body, having a great relevance in todays competitive market. The education system in Ireland comprises of three levels, namely primary, secondary and higher levels of education. The higher level of education is also known as the third level. The steps that should be taken by an individual in his first employment after leaving the third level, in order to apply his creativity and innovation are as follows:- Generation of new ideas and their mobilization- This refers to the formation of an idea may which may be a result of an existing idea or solution. An example of this can be seen in Apples creation of the iPod, the idea of which originated from the already existent mp3 player in the market. However, Apples innovation was the iPod created by it had a capacity of storing more songs than an average mp3 player. Similarly, existent ideas can be tapped into and changed, to aid in the formation of new ideas (Serrat 2017). Experimentation- It is the process involved in the testing of an idea and understanding if it is applicable in the practical field. Prototypes are used to examine and evaluate the outcomes of the idea or thought and necessary changes take place accordingly (Anderson, Poto?nik Zhou 2014). Evaluation- It can be stated as the most important step since evaluation helps in understanding the advantages and limitations of an idea and what changes can be made to remove the drawbacks. It analyzes the impacts of implementing an idea in real life. Discussions are arguments are important for evaluation as they help in adding new ideas to the pool of thoughts. It is due to this reason that working in teams is given more emphasis. Apart from these, the organization should also provide feedback and set up proper screening and evaluation protocols to arrive at a desirable conclusion regarding the application of a new creative idea. Commercialization of ideas- This refers to the process of setting up a market value for an idea keeping in the impact it may have on the market/consumers. It is mostly concerned with the demonstration and persuasion of the idea and its benefits to the consumers rather than focusing on the development of the idea. Diffusion and implementation of idea- This process is concerned with the acceptance of an idea in the organization and the numerous steps involved in implementing the idea on a practical field. The presence of suitable resources along with a proper marketing plan is recommended for attaining success in the implementation of the idea. The diffusion and implementation process also sets up the possibility of potential future ideas that focus on other subjects regarding market and consumer needs (Wang Miao 2015). Conclusion Therefore the conclusion can be drawn that the presence of skills in creativity and innovation are important for individuals and business organizations in a similar scale. In the current competitive market, the formation and implementation of new ideas and innovations is in much demand, and would help boost a companys financial growth significantly. The rate of competition is high and the consumers are in constant need of innovative products. Hence, individuals today, are expected to follow the necessary steps in order to tap in to new sources of creative ideas and contribute to adding more innovative and creative products into the mix, satisfying consumer needs. References Alcntara, J.E., FAIL BETTER: OR, WHAT CAN TEACHERS OF PREACHING LEARN FROM IMPROVISATIONAL PERFORMERS AND FROM PIXAR? Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework.Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014. Creativity and genius: A systems perspective. InThe Systems Model of Creativity(pp. 99-125). Springer Netherlands. Fiascone, R. and Christensen, M., 2014. Disney Pixar: Building a Magic Kingdom of Animation. Gilson, L.L., 2015. Creativity in Teams.The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries, p.50. Gilson, L.L., 2015. Creativity in Teams.The Oxford Handbook of Creative Industries, p.50. Rodrguez-Snchez, A.M., Devloo, T., Rico, R., Salanova, M. and Anseel, F., 2017. What makes creative teams tick? Cohesion, engagement, and performance across creativity tasks: A three-wave study.Group Organization Management,42(4), pp.521-547. Serrat, O., 2017. Harnessing creativity and innovation in the workplace. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 903-910). Springer, Singapore. Shlain, L., 2014.Leonardo's Brain: Understanding Da Vinci's Creative Genius. Rowman Littlefield. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation.Journal of management,39(3), pp.684-708. Strazdas, R., Cerneviciute, J. and Jancoras, Z., 2016, June. Factors influencing productivity of teamwork in creative industries. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Wang, G. and Miao, C.F., 2015. Effects of sales force market orientation on creativity, innovation implementation, and sales performance.Journal of Business Research,68(11), pp.2374-2382.

Odysseus The Hero Essays - Greek Mythology, Ancient Greek Religion

Odysseus the Hero Every Epic follows a certain guideline, it is written in an elevated style consisting of a hero and deeds he does during his travels or journey. In the Odyssey written by Homer, the hero named Odysseus portrays many Hero-like characteristics that can make the reader envious. Homer gives Odysseus 3 traits that fit the definition of a hero like a glove. Odysseus is courageous, has great strength and ability, and exhibits noble qualities. Odysseus shows his courage early on in the Epic by agreeing to go and fight in the Trojan War where he was needed. He knew he was risking never seeing his family again but he was willing to fight. The greatest proof of Odysseus being a true hero was his strength and ability. During the war he showed his smarts. He devised the wooden horse plan, where a bunch of soldier packed into a huge wooden horse and were brought into the city of Troy then came out during the night and burned and attacked the people and the city. The smart thinking of Odysseus ended the 10 year long war. Also in book 21 Penelope held the contest to win her hand. The contest was a simple as; whoever could string Odysseus' bow and shoot the arrow through 12 ax heads would be Penelope's husband. Penelope knew Odysseus was the only person who could perform such a feat. This event showed how strong Odysseus was. After the contest when Odysseus made his presence clear he has the courage and Strength to give the suitors 4 reasons for to die. He tells them you took my house, you took my maids, you tried to take my wife, and you disrespected the gods. It took guts to say that after being gone for 20 years. He shows his strength by proceeding killing all of the suitors without any outside help. Odysseus is a noble character who everyone looks up to. Besides some of the suitors, Odysseus is respected by most of the other characters. Antionoos and Euremakus are especially rude suitors who treated Odysseus like dirt when he was dressed as a beggar. Odysseus treated everyone with the same amount of respect they gave him. When compared with other hero's for example Superman, Odysseus fits right in. He has the traits of a true hero and it shows throughout the Odyssey. Bibliography none

Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)

Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) Free Online Research Papers Resource management The program being developed is a program for the development of an enterprise resource planning system. This is usually referred in short form as ERP system. This is software which is being used by many companies. Its main purpose is the management and coordination of all of the resources, information as well as the functions of a business from the common pool of data called data warehouse. This system possess service oriented architecture whereby the software and hardware units or rather services modular that communicate in LAN (local area network). This modular design makes it possible for the reconfiguration of the modules at the same time making a preserve of data integrity from a data warehouse. Objectives for the night club planning project The project is aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in the day to day Activities of the organization. As this involves a night club, particularly an adult cabaret, it means the following areas should be improved in order to ensure that it fits theit attains the efficiency and effectiveness in area such as: Financials Here the fixed assets, general ledger, account receivable and payable as well as the cash management system will need to be improved. Project management These are the activities which will be improved: activity management, costing, billing, time and expense as well as performance units. Creating a plan that will be socially and economically acceptable in the City of Youngstown. The recent events have given the club a seriously negative reputation. My job will be to obtain respect of the club through the community, and its officials. Attending hearings in the Capitol City Columbus is also mandatory. Venues The venues will be strategically placed to take advantage of the location in order to be able to serve the customers better while increasing the revenues collected from the club hence the profits. Entertainers and guests alike must enjoy the ambiance of the club while abiding by the laws enforced by the liquor control board, the City of Youngstown, The State of Ohio, as well as local ordinances. Staffing Staffing involves interviewing, recruiting and training the human resource. This with proper management they will become more efficient and will avoid man hours wasted and wastage as the right kind of personnel will be hired and the right training will be offered to them. Auditions will be held in order to choose the right entertainers for the vision of the clubs goals. Background checks will and must be implemented so that a future violation could possibly be avoided. Security will have to be doubled in order to not only enforce the laws and rules, but to ensure the community things will be controlled and monitored at all times. Planning i) Being aware of the goals and the implementation of the new system- which in our case is the improvement of efficiency in the effectiveness in all the departments of the organization. ii) Developing a comprehensive plan as the project cuts involves each and every process in the organization. Inventory Control, labor costs, advertising, and maintenance al need to be taken into serious consideration for the new procedures and policies. iii) Involving of the users of the system. If there is experience which is needed then the in-house manager will be given the education required to train other team members. iv) Adapting a realistic approach as concerns the to the cost estimation. Evaluation i) The package chosen should be a standard one for the industry this is aimed to maintain the interactivity with the customers as they are familiar to the positive sides of the industry. Keeping the guests entertained and spending is the main goal here. ii) Maintenance cost estimation. (NET POS) will have to be implemented in a case such as this. The amount of volume that this club produces, along with the need for organization, POS is a perfect solution. iii) Evaluation of the company processes this is in an attempt of making a rational decision as regards to the feasibility to the adoption of the new processes. The recent events have caused the club to be closed, a working knowledge of all the new laws in effect will be required in order to assess the project goals. After implementation i) Attention will be paid to the workflows ii) Starting with the condensing trainings in our site before signing up for long distance sessions, due to the multiple stake holders of this enterprise. Program cost summary Expense for: Cost (US$) Consultation 2,000 Assessment 5,000 Installation and configuration 10,000 User interface development 3,000 Administrative and legal expenses 500 Miscellaneous 1,000 The above table shows the various processes of implementation. The experimental methods will be used to establish the benefits which can be obtained from the implementation of the project. For scheduling purposes the decision making process allows is capable of giving the project manager a chance to anticipate for change in the schedule as well as the change of the amount of resources being used in the project depending on the change of the general trends in the market. Entertainers being the highlight of the venue will need to be scheduled strategically, to the marketing of the clubs nightly venue. In conclusion the implementation of this project will be able to increase efficiency in the operations of the organization, thus leading to the reduction in the cost of production thus increase in sales. This will lead to competitive advantage over the organizations which have not implemented the system. References Brown, C., and I. Vessey, Managing the Next Wave of Enterprise Systems: Leveraging Lessons from ERP, MIS Quarterly Executive, 2(1), 2003 Esteves, J., and Pastor, J., Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Research: An Annotated Bibliography, Communications of AIS, 7(8) pp. 2-54. Waldner, Jean-Baptiste (1992). CIM: Principles of Computer Manufacturing. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. pp. p47. ISBN 047193450X. Research Papers on Developing an Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)The Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export Quotas

Law of tort essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law of tort - Essay Example In the case of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police2 the Court considered the various kinds of relationships which would qualify as close ties, and parent/child relationships and family ties including the spouse relationship were deemed to be strong enough to establish the close nature of the ties. By applying the (a) requirement, it may be noted that Roger, Thomas and Nicolas will have a claim on the basis of close ties to the victim. However, on the basis of criterion (b) it may be noted that Roger and Nicholas were not actually present at the site of the accident and neither had directly witnessed the accident. Therefore, they may not be eligible for recoveries. But Thomas will be entitled to claim damages on the basis of both proximity to the incident and the fact that the injured person is a loved one. Moreover, he would also be classified as a rescuer according to Chadwick v BRB3 and the Court has clearly stated in this case that rescuers who suffer psychiatric damages as a result of their rescue efforts will be eligible for recoveries. This was also upheld on appeal in the case of McLoughlin v O Brien4 that rescuers suffering from psychiatric illness will be eligible for damages. There is a strong case in Thomas’ favor in that he was directly at the site, the injured one was his own brother and the psychiatric illness he is suffering from now is directly attributable to the injury. The only factor that could possibly limit his recoveries to some extent could be the time that has passed since the accident, however if his anxiety attacks have commenced immediately after the accident and are continuing to date, he will certainly be eligible to make a claim. In the case of Roger and Nicholas, it is unlikely that Nicholas can make a claim at all, in spite of the fact that his son was severely injured. For one thing, he was not in close proximity to the incident, he did not witness it at all and he was told about

Cross Cultural Management Issues of UK, China, Spain, and Finland Essay

Cross Cultural Management Issues of UK, China, Spain, and Finland - Essay Example This paper will assess the management issues which could arise in an international team consisting of English, Chinese, Spanish and Finnish members. It will then seek to propose methods for addressing these issues and dealing with them effectively. Cross-Cultural Concepts and Issues Which Could Arise There exist many differing theories as to the way in which cultures differ considerably on several levels. One pertinent theory put forth by Maletzke (1996) categorises cultural differences into 9 groups. Although these will be briefly stated, they are relevant in assessing which problems could arise for a manager of an international group. Maletzke states that cultural differences can consist in many different categories (1996). The national character of a culture consists in the shared basic behavioural patterns and personality traits of the people in the culture. In the business arena this can be an issue if one culture, being inherently different to another, finds it difficult to und erstand, or co-operate with the other. For example, the Spanish culture is open, loud and friendly whereas the Finnish culture is formal, softly spoken and favours courteousness. This may cause the Finnish person to be offended or overwhelmed by the playful, less formal characteristics of the Spanish person. The Spanish may also overwhelm the Chinese person as Chinese tend to be more softly spoken and less verbal. Another important element of culture is time concept, which has the potential to differ greatly between cultures and cause problems when co-ordinating meetings and planning schedules. Here there exists the potential for the Chinese and the English person to conflict in that the former is less prompt for meetings, and often has no fixed start or end time whereas the English person desires a more specified form of time management. This also applies to the Spanish who may stand alone in his lack of planning, relaxed perception of time and lack of willingness to restrict his d ay to particularly planned schedules and meeting times. The space concept of culture can cause problems in that the Finnish, English and Chinese may conflict with the Spanish concept of space. The Mediterranean culture of the Spanish places little importance on private space, and may even adopt constant forms of physical contact in order to communicate and express himself. This may cause discomfort, particularly for the Finnish culture which is likely to see physical contact between mere business associates as inappropriate and even offensive. For example, the Finnish method of greeting is a simple handshake with a smile, as is the English method. The Spanish is more likely to shake hands, yet place a hand on the back of the person he greets, or even kiss the cheek of the person he greets. The two methods are rather different and have the potential to cause issues in the business arena. Perception as a facet of culture also has the potential to be an issue, in that it could represen ts which each culture defines as important and non-important. Perhaps the largest potential of raising issues is the language and non-verbal communication of each culture. Of course, different languages are a major problem, though more importantly, even if

Push and Pull Strategy Essay Example for Free

Push and Pull Strategy Essay Push Strategy A â€Å"push† promotional strategy makes use of a companys sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. A good example of push selling is mobile phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Carphone Warehouse. Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A push strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other distribution channels (e.g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advertising are the most likely promotional tools. Pull Strategy A â€Å"pull† selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of childrens’ toys – mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its new pre-school program – the Fimbles. Aimed at two to four-year-olds, 130 episodes of Fimbles have been made and are featured everyday on digital childrens channel CBeebies and BBC2. As part of the promotional campaign, the BBC has agreed a deal with toy maker Fisher-Price to market products based on the show, which it hopes will emulate the popularity of the Tweenies. Under the terms of the deal, Fisher-Price will develop, manufacture and distribute a range of Fimbles products including soft, plastic and electronic learning toys for the UK and Ireland. In 2001, BBC Worldwide (the commercial division of the BBC) achieved sales of  £90m from its childrens brands and properties last year. The demand created from broadcasting of the Fimbles and a major advertising campaign is likely to â€Å"pull† demand from children and encourage retailers to stock Fimbles toys in the stores for Christmas 2002. Difference Between Push And Pull Strategy Push marketing is when you use various activities to get your message in front of your ideal client. The marketer is in control of what the message is, how it is seen, when and where. Marketing activities that encourage your prospect to seek you out and find out whether you have something of value to offer them. Pull marketing activities build relationships and can include blogging, podcasting, article marketing and networking (both on and offline). Pull marketing uses the law of attraction, incorporating all the components of your personal brand to attract and retain these people as your biggest fans. Pull marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies that are meant to entice the prospect to buy your product or service. Some classic examples are â€Å"half off!† or â€Å"bring in this coupon to save 25%† or â€Å"buy one get one free†, etc. With pull marketing, you are trying to create a sense of increased, time limited value so that the customer will come into your store to buy. Pull is not about pulling consumers in; it’s about giving consumers a reason to pull us in. Remember truism #1 – they’re in control; they (not we) decide where they go and what they experience. We’ve lost the right to pull consumers anywhere (if we ever really had that right at all.) Pull means that we to go to them, join their communities, give them reasons to voluntarily draw us into their personal media experiences. We’re not interrupting them. They’re opting into us.

Cubism :: essays research papers

Cubism (a name suggested by Henri Matisse in 1909) is a non-objective approach to painting developed originally in France by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque around 1906. The early, "pre-Cubist" period (to 1906) is characterized by emphasizing the process of construction, of creating a pictorial rhythm, and converting the represented forms into the essential geometric shapes: the cube, the sphere, the cylinder, and the cone. Between 1909 and 1911, the analysis of human forms and still lifes (hence the name -- Analytical Cubism) led to the creation of a new stylistic system which allowed the artists to transpose the three-dimensional subjects into the flat images on the surface of the canvas. An object, seen from various points of view, could be reconstructed using particular separate "views" which overlapped and intersected. The result of such a reconstruction was a summation of separate temporal moments on the canvas. Picasso called this reorganized form the &qu ot;sum of destructions," that is, the sum of the fragmentations. Since color supposedly interferred in purely intellectual perception of the form, the Cubist palette was restricted to a narrow, almost monochromatic scale, dominated by grays and browns. A new phase in the development of the style, called Synthetic Cubism, began around 1912. In the center of the painters' attention was now the construction, not the analysis of the represented object -- in other words, creation instead of recreation. Color regained its decorative function and was no longer restricted to the naturalistic description of the form. Compositions were still static and centered, but they lost their depth and became almost abstract, although the subject was still visible in synthetic, simplified forms. The construction requirements brought about the introduction of new textures and new materials (cf. paper collages). Cubism lasted till 1920s and had a profound effect on the art of the avant-garde. Russian painters were introduced to Cubism through the works bought and displayed by wealthy patrons like Shchukin and Morozov. As they did with many other movements, the Russians interpreted and transformed Cubism in their own unique way. In particular, the Russian Cubists carried even further the abstract potential of the style. Some of the most outstanding Cubist works came from the brush of Malevich, Popova, and Udal'tsova.

Business: Automobile and Proton Essay

This assignment contains about business environment. Business environment refers to different forces or surroundings that affect business operations. Such forces include customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, industry trends, substitutes, regulations, government activities, the economy, and social and cultural factors. Others are innovations and technological developments. We choose Proton Holdings Berhad because we think this local company is the best company for us to do this business environment assignment because this company use this include Macro, Micro and Internal Environment. PROTON COMPANY BACKGROUND Proton Holdings Berhad (stylized PROTON) is a Malaysian automobile manufacturer. It is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor and operates an additional manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim, Perak. The company was founded in 1983 and was the sole vehicle manufacturer in Malaysia until the establishment of Perodua in 1993. Proton is a Malay acronym for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sendirian Berhad. (English: National Automobile Company Private Limited). Proton was largely a manufacturer of badge engineered vehicles from Mitsubishi Motors between 1985 and the early 2000s. The company has since produced several indigenously designed vehicles and operates in at least 26 countries, of which the majority are in Asia. Proton was formerly owned by Khazanah Nasional, the investment holding arm of the government of Malaysia. In January 2012, it was taken over by DRB-HICOM, a Malaysian conglomerate in a transaction amounting RM1. 2 billion. Proton, predominantly reliant on the local industry is currently undergoing major structural and internal changes, as evident in the appointment of a new owner, partner, Chairman and the launch of various new and upcoming models in an effort to gain an international presense and increase profitability. PROTON produced Malaysia’s first car, the Proton SAGA which was commercially launched on July 9, 1985 by Malaysian Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad who conceived the idea of a Malaysian car. One of the reason of this achievement is due to the introduction of new models with higher profit margins, stronger sales volume, savings from group-wide cost-reduction initiatives, income from the sale of rights for use of Intellectual Property Rights relating to a vehicle platform (for the China market) as well as the R&D grant. For the year 2008, PROTON’s focus would be in the core areas of product, quality, cost efficiency and distribution network. PROTON aims to have a strong product portfolio by introducing â€Å"the right car, for the right market, at the right price and at the right time†. This was reflected in the organisation’s newly introduced Exora, Persona and Saga Models, with the latter powered by the new CamPro IAFM engine. PROTON has also continued to update and refresh existing product lines to entice and attract customers. PROTON cars are also known internationally as competitive and innovative automobiles. PROTON now is being exported to 50 countries like United Kingdom and continental European markets, thereby realizing its goal of being an internationally successful Malaysian automobile manufacturer. The first PROTON car was exported in 1986. The number has increased steadily and in 1998, Malaysia exported a total of 18,422 units to countries and areas, including Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Fiji, Germany, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Maldives, Mauritius, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Province of China, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom. The models being exported include Wira, Sedan/Aeroback, Satria and Putra. PROTON’s exports are the most successful in the United Kingdom due to its competitive pricing strategy and its buyback arrangement with car rental companies in the country. PROTON also benefited from the Generalised Preferences Scheme that made it easy for them to enter the United Kingdom market. PROTON has introduced a few upgraded models with higher engine capacity and sporty design to establish its presence internationally. PROTON is focusing to be more customer-oriented and by producing competitively priced and innovative products. It is therefore contributing to the Malaysia’s attainment of Vision 2020. Main Body. Macroenvironment a) POLITICAL FACTORS Currently, most of ASEAN region are free trade or 96% of the entire ASEAN trade. Asian Free Trade Area was established in January of 1992 in order to eliminate tariff barriers among the Southeast Asian countries. It planned to reduce tariffs to zero to 5% in 15 years among the six nations through a common effective preferential tariff (Ghani & Zainuddin 2008). If we are going to check on the high selling prices of the national cars of Malaysia because of high production costs and lack of vendor efficiency, there is a big possibility that the local market will be ruled by imported cars. In Malaysia, PROTON prices are kept comparatively lower to foreign manufacturers through protectionism. Protectionist policy has largely been blamed for PROTON ‘s stagnating performance. b) ECONOMIC FACTORS The vehicle sales in the country is expected to fall by year by year due to different economic aspect, primarily the issue of global financial crisis, which affected the local financial status of the country (AseanOneMonitoring 2009). As a result, the government of the country is expecting a slow economic growth for the country, which can affect the buying behavior of the customers. Furthermore, due to the AFTA, it had increased the competition, which will impact the performance of Proton. c) SOCIAL FACTORS The growing population in the country is one of the factors which can affect the automobile industry. Furthermore, the ratio of car ownership in the country is somewhat high or total of 1:5, which signifies that people are considering cars as important things in their lives. Furthermore, people will also set on big-ticket items or consumers are expected to put off buying different motor vehicles because of the employment market uncertainty because of the global and local financial crisis (AseanOneMonitoring 2009). d) TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Due to the increasing competition, the development in technology is growing and affecting the performance and position of each and every company in the automobile industry. It is also important to consider the maturity of technology, together with the maturity and capacity of manufacturing, which affect the innovation process of any company. Due to the different technologies, primarily the help of computer and the Internet, the potential for innovation and development is increasing. Microenvironment * Suppliers The supplier has a neutral power over the industry. This is because there are few dominant suppliers in the industry who are well known for quality and brand image. Provide the resources to produce goods and services. Treated as partners to provide customers service. Proton Supplier, AV Ventures steering, wiper and washer and window regulator systems. Ichikoh, Head lamp, mirror (also for Toyota, Nissan, and Subaru). * Other stakeholders Proton’s key stakeholders are the Environment, the Malaysian government, the Malaysian public, car owners as well as its vendors and suppliers. The Malaysia Government owns 52% of Proton shares through Khazanah, Petronas and ValueCap. ValueCap is a government investment arm. The government also heavily subsidizes the production of proton cars by giving grants and exemptions/tax credits. But despite that, Proton continues to make loses. The Malaysian public is the indirect shareholder through EPF (Employees Provident Fund), government unit trust funds Amanah Saham Bumiputera, Amanah Saham Malaysia) and Lembaga Tabung Haji. Together these funds hold around 20% of Proton shares. Additionally, it is the public that pays the tax, which then is used to provide grants and tax credits. Proton also involves in sponsorships in the area of education and sports as well as donations to the needy. Customers or car owners can’t find the exact figures of active Protons cars currently being driven all over Malaysia but I would estimate the figure to be around 3 million (assuming no cars have been fully retired). The figure is justified since I can still see many first generation Proton Saga cars on the road. Environment also externality factor to be considered by having almost 3 million proton cars on our road (most of the cars produced are sold locally in Malaysia !! ). Moreover, the earlier generations of Proton are nearing retirement and may need to be sent to scrap yard and contribute to our ever increasing waste disposal problem. Vendors and Suppliers More than 80 per cent of Proton components are currently produced or supplied by automotive component manufacturers and suppliers. Proton’s network of 287 vendors and approximately 3,000 sub-vendors currently supply more than 5,000 individual components and parts for its cars. * Intermediaries We continued to work with our distributors and dealers in a number of ways, most importantly, on programs designed to enhance the sales and service experience for our customers. The strengthening of the domestic sales and service network remain our key focus to improve customer service and maintain our market share. Proton Cars Australia recorded retail sales of 1,388 units, an increase of 55%. This was the second largest increase in percentage terms of any OEM in Australia. The higher sales were attributed to the success of the Jumbuck (Arena) which accounted for 786 units. Proton Cars UK managed to retail a total of 507 units of Jumbuck (Arena), which represented 80% of the sub one ton single cab petrol pick-up market. Total sales however, recorded a decline of 14% with the gradual phasing out of the old products. Proton has continued to achieve excellent results in the 2004 UK J. D. Power Customer Satisfaction Survey. Proton tied for 10th position in the Overall Top Brand Category out of 33 brands and was placed second in Dealer Service Satisfaction, just behind Lexus. Further inroad into the neighbouring Asean markets is expected in 2005 with the establishment of Proton Edar Indonesia and Proton Singapore. * Competitor The big competitor in Malaysia in term of automobile companies and affordable car is PERODUA. The competitive environment as we can see roughly in Malaysia is affordable car where all citizens in Malaysia can buy it and the car maintenances also cheap. Here, the porter four are been applied for more clearly because the competitive environment not only about the competitor. It can be about the economic recession, natural disaster and etc. i) Competitive Rivalry In Malaysia, there is not too much competitor around affordable car. The low cost car as I mentioned above (cheap maintenance) is not have a lot of competitor in generally. The affordable car in Malaysia also, gets more potential to sell compared to luxury car. The luxury car is only certain people used. As we see the environment in Malaysia, 1 family will have more than 1 car. For sure, the first car they will choose the cheaper car and affordable car. ii) Threat of New Entrant (high) The economic recession will be a big threat for PROTON. As we know, all big company will facing over budget or does not achieve the sale for that year. The government will lose a lot of money cause of policy and shareholders. By the way, economic down turn actually comes suddenly without notice. iii) Threat of Substitutes (high) Substitutes also will be a big threat for PROTON. Malaysia has to national car. The First automobile is PROTON and secondly PERODUA. The substitutes will high in term of car model (some of car model looks similar), and car spare part. iv) Buyer Power Buyer will choose the low cost car for the first car and buyer also actually are fragmented. So, it will not has much influence. * Customer Customers are the source of our income. We deliver on our promises to our customers’ satisfaction. The process in identifying the consumer target for new Proton Exora 2 is important due to the fact that consumers tend to have different brand knowledge structures and thus they will perceive differently for the products or services. Proton has successfully identified their target market, according to the segmentation bases namely behavioral, demographic and psychographic factors. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Marketing The company used to segment its market on variables such as behavioral, demographic, and geographical differences. Behavioral Segmentation: Behavioral segmentation is based on the customer’s needs and subsequent reaction to those needs or toward the purchase of intended products and/or services. Demographic Segmentation: Demographic segmentation refers to a wide study of the potential customers. Since the company is targeting its market to more economy class customers, demographic segmentation is employed by the company. Geographical Segmentation: Geographical segmentation is done by dividing people (markets) into different geographical locations. The company targets markets of different countries other than Malaysia. Production PROTON’s model products include WAJA, SATRIA, GTi, WIRA, ISWARA, ARENA, PERDANA V6, JUARA, PERSONA and EXORA. The range of 1. 3, 1. 5, 1. 6, 1. 8 and 2. 0 litre engines satisfies a wide spectrum of customers both locally and abroad. PROTON’s model products include WAJA, SATRIA, GTi, WIRA, ISWARA, ARENA, PERDANA V6, JUARA, PERSONA and EXORA. The range of 1. 3, 1. 5, 1. 6, 1. 8 and 2. 0 litre engines satisfies a wide spectrum of customers both locally and abroad. Based on technology and parts from Mitsubishi Motors, production of the first model, the Proton Saga began in September 1985 at its first manufacturing plant in Shah Alam, Selangor. The 100,000th Proton Saga was produced in January 1989 and latest model is Suprima S. Finance Proton maintained huge financial profit thought the 1980s till 2000 due to their high market share in Malaysia. But with the launch of an arch rival Perodua in 1993, Proton was about to have a big run for its money and this came to reality in the 2000s. Proton’s market share dropped in 2006 to 30. 4% for the Malaysian market. Their generated revenue of 7,796 ( Million in Malaysian Ringgit) in 2006 was the second lowest in the last seven years as the company have always hit the billion Ringgit mark in the previous 7 years. This fall allowed Perodua to overtake Proton as the country’s largest passenger carmaker for the first time in history, with a 41. 6% market share while Proton fell from 40% in 2005 to 32% in 2006. Their market share continued to reduce down to 23. 1% in 2010 mainly due to new government policies. For example, under AFTA, Malaysia has reduced import tariffs, admittedly after having secured a two-year deferral from ASEAN. Import tariffs on completely built-up (CBU) unites were reduced from a band of 70 – 90 percent to 20 percent at the start of 2005. However, it is important to understanding that Proton losing its market share to Perodua, another Malaysian automobile that was formed a decade after full operation of Proton could hint some gaps in their management system. In other to justify these claims, it is necessary to have a look at their in-depth financial performance since the 2000s and how they have coped with loses in relation to their internationalization project. Personnel The overall thrust of our Human Resource strategy is to recruit, reward and retain the best employees. During the year, a number of recruitment road shows were conducted in Malaysia as well as the UK among leading engineering and business universities to meet our growing requirement. The response was overwhelming and more such road shows are being planned for the coming year. An internship program for graduate trainees was implemented during the year to meet the growing needs of the business. The Human Resource Management Group has continued to be the key forum for the communication of policies and issues affecting the employees. The Group comprising representatives from the Senior Management and the Proton Workers Union meet on a monthly basis to discuss strategic human resource issues affecting employees. It is a unique program that allows regular communication and prompt resolution of issues as well as participation by the Union in the development of policies affecting the employees. Research & Development The Group continues to research new technologies with the ultimate aim to put these innovations into production through partnerships with Tier One Suppliers or OEM customers. Two such advancements likely to see production are engine technology AVT (Active Valve Train) and chassis technology VVA (Versatile Vehicle Architecture). The Group has also invested significantly on the development of new innovative products to meet the challenges of the market place. During the financial year, the Group invested RM542. 9 million (2003: RM413 million) in research and development. For 2004, total development expenditure increased significantly with work focused on the development of new models on a number of platforms including the leading edge Versatile Vehicle Architecture (VVA). The VVA reduces the time it takes to bring a new product to market and helps meet changing demand more quickly. Globally, we are moving towards shared technologies so that vehicles can be differentiated while using common components. The reduction in development time will create greater efficiency and the standardisation will also lead to greater economies of scale in purchasing components. Development has also begun on an aluminium-bodied vehicle built on the VVA platform. Increased fuel efficiency and power through weight reduction and material recyclability are key factors that have conspired together to promote the use of aluminium in vehicle body structures for high volume production. CONCLUSION Proton is aiming to become one of the strong competitors of the automobile companies in market. So, as other existed competitors challenge the other proton company, they were inspired by them to develop a quality business for the customers. Competitive advantage is what they are targeting for company and there are business motivational is about the capabilities in automobile companies . Even they are realizing that there are some existed competitors have their own abilities in the automobile, they are also have the buyer Power. The buyer will choose the cheap car for the first car and buyer also actually are fragmented. Therefore, it will not have much affecting. Besides that, they are always finds a way to make the market being effective with their strong distribution network. However, the companies of proton is the most famous company in Malaysia as we know and they will try the best to ensure that damage will occur. Moreover, proton also is one of the companies which give a inspiration on all people and race in Malaysia irrespective early age or that old. Everyone knows, that Proton has various product automobile with the design distinctive. Some, from revenue scooped the great of benefits had rival that high with others automobile company. Even though, it still will ensure that Proton companies will always stable with economy and in terms of from product aspect is that best and high quality.

Food Culture Between Vietnam and America - 729 Words

Nghia Nguyen Hannah Elder ENGL 096/101 Final Draft Food Culture in Vietnam and America When we discuss about the differences between Vietnamese and America culture, we can think of many things such as History, Style of Music, Arts, Religion, Language, etc. And, I will tell you some differences and similarities in eating culture of the two countries. Even though they both have things in common such as family’s dinner, tea and coffee for morning, three meals a day or small snacks between main meals. But, the food cultures of two countries are different in many ways including kinds of farmland, living style, cooking style and eating style. First of all, Vietnam and America both have farmlands and seas to raise animals and sea†¦show more content†¦The basic food in Vietnam is dry; the meals usually come with rice, vegetables, eggs, and small amounts of meat and fish. Although similar to Chinese cooking, Vietnamese cooking uses little fat or oil for frying. Fish sauce is a main spice in almost every Vietnamese dish. In addition, they drink a large amount of hot green tea and coffee without adding sugar, milk, or lemon. As same as Vietnamese, in America they have three meals a day with some snacking on fruits andShow MoreRelatedDifferences between Vietnam and America1050 Words   |  5 Pages 1 As a girl who was born and raised in Vietnam, a third world country, and then moved to the United States of America three years ago, I experienced a big culture shock. Everything was very different here compared to where I come from. It was a big opportunity for me to explore the new world. I got to learn about the differences between Vietnamese and American families, education, and food. 2 In Vietnam, family is very important; everybody in the family stays close together. It does not matterRead MoreAmerica s 5d Dimensions For Vietnam And Usa1091 Words   |  5 Pages3B. 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Although modernization has changed the different aspects of the Vietnamese, various practicesRead MoreAmerica and the Rest of the World Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesThesis Paper on the topic â€Å"America and the Rest of the World† There are two Americas. One is the America of Lincoln and Adlai Stevenson; the other is the America of Teddy Roosevelt and the modern superpatriots. One is generous and humane, the other narrowly egotistical; one is self-critical, the other self-righteous; one is sensible, the other romantic; one is good-humored, the other solemn; one is inquiring, the other pontificating; one is moderate, the other filled with passionate intensity;Read MoreThe Is My Heart And My Soul, America, My Mind And Spirit, By Leah Lee Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesKorean Language in America†, â€Å"Cultural identity is formed by the complex configuration of one’s awareness of one’s own culture and a recognition of the social group to which one belongs in practice.† (117). 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Sometimes, this can cause a clash of ideologies, which can lead to an individual being raised multi-culturally; one may grow up eating the food of one culture in another culture’s way. When one has a multi-cultural background, it may be hard to express one’s cultural identity; alternatively, one may identify as another, wholly separate culture. Perhaps growing up with a single-culture household but bombarded with a foreign culture (say, a Russian in America) can cause one